Stargardt disease is an eye problem that was first studied by a German ophthalmologist named Karl Stargardt. It is a form of eye disease involving macular degeneration. There are several kinds of eye conditions that fall under this category, but basically, macular degeneration has a lot to do with your central vision.
The macula is the central part of your eye’s retina, and it is the part of the eye that controls what we see when we look straight ahead. It helps us read, focus on small details, recognize colors and shapes, and allow us to do normal, everyday things like drive a car, write notes, cook, eat, exercise, etc.
Once the macula starts to deteriorate, it cannot be cured. This is a very serious condition that will lead to blindness, especially among the people who are 50 years old or older. However, macular degeneration can happen to anyone, regardless of age.
Stargardt disease is diagnosed by a doctor when he sees yellow specks in the macula area. These spots are lipofuscin which are fatty deposits from your cells that are accumulating abnormally.
What lipofuscin does is to hamper your sight so that sharp images start to become blurred, and the colors begin to distort. Initially, the changes will be hazy spots which makes it hard to read or see things clearly. You also start to see objects as gray or black. It will also be hard to adjust from a bright area into a dark area. For instance, going into a theater during the day becomes increasingly difficult to manage.
Most cases of Stargardt disease is inherited, and it can even skip a generation if the gene in the parent is recessive. If a person is carrying a recessive gene but marries someone who also has the recessive gene, this condition could occur in their children.
There are 3 tests used to diagnose Stargardt disease. These are Electro-Oculography (EOG), Electroretinography (ERG), and Fluorescein Angiography. EOG and ERG test the retina’s response to pattern and light stimuli while the Fluorescein Angiography will entail an injection of dye into the vein and taking photos as the dye goes to the retina area.
As there is no cure for this disease, the best that a doctor can do for a patient with Stargardt disease is to slow down the process as much as possible. One method widely used is to protect the eyes from ultraviolet rays and bright lights. There are some drugs that are being tested to slow down the loss of vision as well as regeneration of healthy retinal cells so that it does not produce too much lipofuscin.
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